Note: A global setup module configured in a project (using multi-project runner) will be triggered only when you run at least one test from this project. For example, https://github.com/alizain/ulid doen't work. For example, if your tests call Math often, you can pass it by setting extraGlobals. Object is one such global constructor function in JavaScript which is used to new create objects. Using the latest versions of node (v14 at the time of this writing) will yield better results. // The platform to use as the default, e.g. If the pragma does not have a value, it will be present in the object with its value set to an empty string. global var1 ... varN declares variables var1 ... varN as global in scope.. Ordinarily, each MATLAB ® function has its own local variables, which are separate from those of other functions and from those of the base workspace. Jest comes prebuilt with assertions in the form of the global expect. @yss14 this looks like an issue whose solution lies outside ts-jest (as @AamuLumi pointed out) All ts-jest (or any transformer) does is take in code and return the transpiled code. ❌ Example of a test which should fail but pass anyway with your example. A custom test runner can be provided by specifying a path to a test runner implementation. To configure jest, let’s add a new "jest" configuration into the project’s package.json and use it to preprocess typescript files. This option allows the use of a custom global setup module which exports an async function that is triggered once before all test suites. Anyway, you can also call these functions methods, since they are methods of the global object where they run. (request, options). If the function returns a promise, Jest waits for that promise to resolve before running the test. ← Using with webpack Using with MongoDB → Use jest-puppeteer Preset; Custom example without jest-puppeteer preset; Docs Getting Started Guides API Reference More info here. Use the string token to include the path to your project's root directory to prevent it from accidentally ignoring all of your files in different environments that may have different root directories. (x)", "**/?(*.)+(spec|test).[jt]s? execCommand is not a function. But...It's kind of weird. Note: This does not change the exit code in the case of Jest errors (e.g. The Jest philosophy is to work great by default, but sometimes you just need more configuration power. For example, if you have tests in source files named with .t.js extension as following: You can collect coverage from those files with setting forceCoverageMatch. In this tutorial I’ll give a quick and simple demo of it’s mocking capabilities for testing async functions. Thresholds specified as a negative number represent the maximum number of uncovered entities allowed. For example, if you wanted to be able to use a new language feature in your modules or tests that aren't yet supported by node, you might plug in one of many compilers that compile a future version of JavaScript to a current one. If you'd like to use your package.json to store Jest's config, the "jest" key should be used on the top level so Jest will know how to find your settings: Or through TypeScript (if ts-node is installed): Please keep in mind that the resulting configuration must be JSON-serializable. As such, all of the valid options for colors supported by chalk are also supported by jest. Note: 5 seconds is the default timeout. : __mocks__/lodash.js). : The extract function should return an iterable (Array, Set, etc.) It's an open source project maintained by Facebook, and it's especially well suited for React code testing, although not limited to that: it can test any JavaScript code. The beforeAll() function is part of a test setup. Reproduce repository: azu/jest-expose-global-window. JavaScript global variable tutorial for beginners and professionals with example, declaring javascript global variable within function, internals of global variable in javascript, event, validation, object loop, array, document, tutorial Each setupFile will be run once per test file. Equivalent to calling jest.resetAllMocks() before each test. Each it() in a test suite corresponds to a test or a spec. As a secondary option, an object with the properties name and color can be passed. This will lead to any mocks having their fake implementations removed and restores their initial implementation. Note: This option requires collectCoverage to be set to true or Jest to be invoked with --coverage. Writing tests is an integral part of application development. Testing results in software that has fewer bugs, more stability, and is easier to maintain. We collaborate internationally to deliver the services and solutions that help everyone to be more productive and enable innovation. The projects feature can also be used to run multiple configurations or multiple runners. If you are building a node service, you can use the node option to use a node-like environment instead. GitHub is where the world builds software. When the projects configuration is provided with an array of paths or glob patterns, Jest will run tests in all of the specified projects at the same time. Jest beforeAll. However, if you prefer explicit imports, you can do import {describe, expect, test} from '@jest/globals'. If the function returns a promise or is a generator, Jest waits for that promise to resolve before running tests. Sometimes it happens (especially in React Native or TypeScript projects) that 3rd party modules are published as untranspiled. Fake timers are useful when a piece of code sets a long timeout that we don't want to wait for in a test. Because this retrofits all executed files with coverage collection statements, it may significantly slow down your tests. Jest is a library for testing JavaScript code. Oftentimes, you'll want to set this to 'src' or 'lib', corresponding to where in your repository the code is stored. If you have some work you need to do repeatedly for many tests, you can use beforeEach and afterEach. visit the Jest docs for a full list and details of jest functions. For example: by yarn global add jest or npm install jest --global) with a variety of useful options. Example: ["/build/", "/node_modules/"]. Test files are normally ignored from collecting code coverage. This runs a function before any of the tests in this file run. I can't find anything mention that in docs. This function gets Jest's globalConfig object as a parameter. The global and local functions are supported for porting from 16-bit code, or for maintaining source code compatibility with 16-bit Windows. The beforeAll() function is part of a test setup. Default: (/__tests__/.*|(\\.|/)(test|spec))\\.[jt]sx?$. When using the --config option, the JSON file must not contain a "jest" key: These options let you control Jest's behavior in your package.json file. Note: By default, roots has a single entry but there are cases where you may want to have multiple roots within one project, for example roots: ["/src/", "/tests/"]. function wp_unregister_GLOBALS() { // phpcs:ignore WordPress.NamingConventions.ValidFunctionName.FunctionNameInvalid // register_globals was deprecated in PHP 5.3 and removed entirely in PHP 5.4. This will be the default fake implementation in Jest 27. Note: Core modules, like fs, are not mocked by default. Mock functions allow you to test the links between code by erasing the actual implementation of a function, capturing calls to the function (and the parameters passed in those calls), capturing instances of constructor functions when instantiated with new, and allowing test-time configuration of return values.. This function gets Jest's globalConfig object as a parameter. The directory where Jest should store its cached dependency information. Include the comment text as the value of this key anywhere in package.json. If the pragma is not present, it will not be present in the object. Jest provides the global test function. Note: Any global variables that are defined through globalSetup can only be read in globalTeardown. I'm trying to run a test for my bootstrap Modal and says that modal is not a function. runtime: Runtime, 7 const mockedUseFooContext = useFooContext as jest. ./index.test.js (https://github.com/jmarceli/mock-window/blob/master/src/existing-variable/index.test.js) Please note that if you try to mock those variables directly(as in the second example e.g. The class may optionally expose an asynchronous handleTestEvent method to bind to events fired by jest-circus. Refer to the micromatch documentation to ensure your globs are compatible. If the function returns a promise or is a generator, Jest waits for that promise to resolve before running tests. Jest is a library for testing JavaScript code. global.ts(x) needs just a little tweak to be a valid "global module" (a module with side effects only): remove the export keyword and add some code to augment the global object. If you want a path to be relative to the root directory of your project, please include inside a path's string, like "/a-configs-folder". This will use custom reporter in addition to default reporters that Jest provides: Additionally, custom reporters can be configured by passing an options object as a second argument: Custom reporter modules must define a class that takes a GlobalConfig and reporter options as constructor arguments: Custom reporters can also force Jest to exit with non-0 code by returning an Error from getLastError() methods, For the full list of methods and argument types see Reporter interface in packages/jest-reporters/src/types.ts. An array of regexp pattern strings that are matched against all source file paths before transformation. In my component I need access to window.location.search, this is what I did in jest test:. config: ProjectConfig, 1 import {2 useFooContext, 3 FooContext // Get the type returned by `useFooContext` 4} from "foo"; 5. If the test path matches any of the patterns, it will not be transformed. This uses V8's builtin code coverage rather than one based on Babel. These pattern strings match against the full path. @robertwbradford Your test will not fail if there is an error. Setting bail to true is the same as setting bail to 1. Allowed values are babel (default) or v8. A preset that is used as a base for Jest's configuration. An exception is thrown if the property is not already a function. The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: jsdom is used automatically. Note: setupTestFrameworkScriptFile is deprecated in favor of setupFilesAfterEnv. Jest was originally built for JavaScript, and while they've added TypeScript support since version 24, some things still feel a bit clunky out of the box. Note: While rootDir is mostly used as a token to be re-used in other configuration options, roots is used by the internals of Jest to locate test files and source files. The original poster was asking for the ability to spy on a function that is exported directly, which doesn't give Jasmine a consistent place between the spec and implementation to save the spy. By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and Functions or Methods? The order in which the mappings are defined matters. You can also provide the global declaration in the same file and remove global.d.ts.. function _s(object: T | null, defaultValue: T = {} as T) : T { return object == null ? Note: The same caveat concerning transformation of node_modules as for globalSetup applies to globalTeardown. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. An array of glob patterns indicating a set of files for which coverage information should be collected. If the file specified by path is not found, an error is returned. The following are some of the features that Jest offers. The first parameter is the title of the test suite, and the second parameter is the actual implementation. You don't have to require or import anything to use them. If you require modules without specifying a file extension, these are the extensions Jest will look for, in left-to-right order. Note that using '' as a string token in any other path-based config settings will refer back to this value. Note: If you provide module name without boundaries ^$ it may cause hard to spot errors. The following options are supported: Insert Jest's globals (expect, test, describe, beforeEach etc.) Setting this value to legacy or fake allows the use of fake timers for functions such as setTimeout. Read more about watch plugins here. ... Keep in mind, the native jest mock functions provide much more functionality. Learn about the Jest Mock Function and the different strategies for creating and assigning dependencies to the Mock Function in order to track calls, replace implementations, and … They can be mocked explicitly, like jest.mock('fs'). Here are sample valid values. 'my-custom-reporter.js reported an error'. This option sets the URL for the jsdom environment. For example, with the following configuration: This option allows the use of a custom dependency extractor. Useful for easing the upgrade process. This is due to the need to load the actual transformers (e.g. If you are introducing Jest to a large organization with an existing codebase but few tests, enabling this option can be helpful to introduce unit tests gradually. For example, if you want to respect Browserify's "browser" field, you can use the following configuration: By combining defaultResolver and packageFilter we can implement a package.json "pre-processor" that allows us to change how the default resolver will resolve modules. In your test files, Jest puts each of these methods and objects into the global environment. This will lead to any mocks having their fake implementations removed but does not restore their initial implementation. You have a method initializeCityDatabase() that must be called before each of these tests, and a method clearCityDatabase()that must be called after each of these tests. Should replace the bar function from the foo module, in much the same way as Jest does for all functions on the module. yarn add --dev jest Or npm:. Explicit per-test setup is far easier for other readers of the test to reason about the environment the test will run in. See the micromatch package for details of the patterns you can specify. Any docblock pragmas in test files will be passed to the environment constructor and can be used for per-test configuration. The default is jasmine2. In this article, we'll look at how to test a React application using the Jest testing framework. On Windows, it creates a new start menu entry on the first use and not display the notification. Function Signature Description InputInputName: bool InputInputName(): Called when the entity receives an input from the I/O system. // Path to a custom implementation of Haste. You signed in with another tab or window. Example setupFilesAfterEnv array in a jest.config.js: The number of seconds after which a test is considered as slow and reported as such in the results. This option allows comments in package.json. Since every test runs in its own environment, these scripts will be executed in the testing environment immediately before executing the test code itself. This function gets Jest's globalConfig object as a parameter. This example configuration will run Jest in the root directory as well as in every folder in the examples directory. It's also worth noting that setupFiles will execute before setupFilesAfterEnv. All errors will also still be shown on the bottom after execution. globalConfig: GlobalConfig, An array of RegExp patterns that are matched against all source file paths before re-running tests in watch mode. After that, I found global is what I want from StackOverflow. Now mocking functions with Jest, in general, is pretty straightforward. This config option lets you customize where Jest stores that cache data on disk. As we can see tested function uses globally available window.location variables.Those variables are provided by jsdom by default which let's us to mock them usingbuilt-in jest methods jest.spyOn(), .mockImplementation() and restore with .mockRestore(). Jest adds several global functions to help with setting up and running tests, such as describe, it, expect, and the jest object (used mostly for mocking). Requires notify: true. The name of the function needs to be Input followed by the name of the input in CamelCase, for example InputFireUser1 for the FireUser1 input. Automatically reset mock state before every test. That is caused by backward compatibility reasons and process.on('unhandledRejection', callback) signature, but that usually should not be a problem for most of the use cases. Note: the defaultResolver passed as an option is the Jest default resolver which might be useful when you write your custom one. However, if you run into the following scenario which one function in the module is calling another function in the same module, it… The test suite starts with a describe block, which is a global Jest function that accepts two parameters. They can be mocked explicitly, like jest.mock('fs'). (default: [ "**/__tests__/**/*.[jt]s? These patterns match against the full path. Jest has built-in async/await support. This post goes through how to set, reset and clear mocks, stubs and spies in Jest using techniques such as the beforeEach hook and methods such as jest.clearAllMocks and jest.resetAllMocks . This is useful for some commonly used 'utility' modules that are almost always used as implementation details almost all the time (like underscore/lo-dash, etc). By default it looks for .js, .jsx, .ts and .tsx files inside of __tests__ folders, as well as any files with a suffix of .test or .spec (e.g. If a given module's path matches any of the patterns, it will not be require()-able in the test environment. const mockFunction = jest.fn(); That's all you really need to get started using a mock function that you can then monitor. For example, imagine we want to use the field "module" if it is present, otherwise fallback to "main": Automatically restore mock state before every test. This is why we want to be able to set and modify the implementation and return value of functions in Jest. Runs a function before each of the tests in this file runs. Inside of this file we'll add two lines, to mock fetch calls by default. Isolating units to be tested from the behavior of the functions that they call. Since all files inside node_modules are not transformed by default, Jest will not understand the code in these modules, resulting in syntax errors. See also testRegex [string | array], but note that you cannot specify both options. Already on GitHub? This config option lets you customize where Jest stores snapshot files on disk. By default it looks for .js, .jsx, .ts and .tsx files inside of __tests__ folders, as well as any files with a suffix of .test or .spec (e.g. Should replace the bar function from the foo module, in much the same way as Jest does for all functions on the module. A custom reporter is a class that implements onRunStart, onTestStart, onTestResult, onRunComplete methods that will be called when any of those events occurs. Example: ["/node_modules/"]. "test": "jest" You can define both global and local text constants. If the file path matches any of the patterns, when it is updated, it will not trigger a re-run of tests. If you remove all async/await, then no problem. After installing the package, if you are using create-react-app, there is already a file named src/setupTests.js where you can put global Jest code. For example, if pushing a button should call a function your assertion, after clicking the button, can be the following: Our first friend is describe, a Jest method for containing one or more related tests.Every time you start writing a new suite of tests for a functionality wrap it in a describe block. Indicates whether each individual test should be reported during the run. It must be a node module that exports an object with an extract function. Test environment options that will be passed to the testEnvironment. Jestis a JavaScript test runner maintained by Facebook. If you wanted to add even more jasmine plugins to the mix (or if you wanted some custom, project-wide matchers for example), you could do so in these modules. For example: For the additional information about the options object shape you can refer to CoverageReporterWithOptions type in the type definitions. Thresholds for globs are applied to all files matching the glob. The expect function tests a value using a set of matcher functions. Note: Any global variables that are defined through globalSetup can only be read in globalTeardown. If the test path matches any of the patterns, it will be skipped. 'ios'. A set of global variables that need to be available in all test environments. Mocking a function generally is very easy in jest via jest.fn(). Since setupFiles executes before the test framework is installed in the environment, this script file presents you the opportunity of running some code immediately after the test framework has been installed in the environment. e.g. Use the string token to include the path to your project's root directory to prevent it from accidentally ignoring all of your files in different environments that may have different root directories. Automatically clear mock calls and instances before every test. A list of paths to modules that run some code to configure or set up the testing framework before each test file in the suite is executed. Read this for a list of assertions that can be used with expect() Next, modify the test property of the package.json file as shown. Thresholds specified as a positive number are taken to be the minimum percentage required. The relevant options depend on the environment. This resolver must be a node module that exports a function expecting a string as the first argument for the path to resolve and an object with the following structure as the second argument: The function should either return a path to the module that should be resolved or throw an error if the module can't be found. Activates notifications for test results. This option allows the use of a custom global teardown module which exports an async function that is triggered once after all test suites. This post goes through how to set, reset and clear mocks, stubs and spies in Jest using techniques such as the beforeEach hook and methods such as jest.clearAllMocks and jest.resetAllMocks . For example, if pushing a button should call a function your assertion, after clicking the button, can be the following: Note: A global teardown module configured in a project (using multi-project runner) will be triggered only when you run at least one test from this project. I had some tests where I needed to see if window.print was called and also if document.title was used somewhere. I've avoided this issue by setting "testEnvironment": "node". Instead of just testing the output of the function, we can gain additional information about how a function was used. Note: when adding additional code transformers, this will overwrite the default config and babel-jest is no longer automatically loaded. privacy statement. Enabling resetModules goes a step further and resets the module registry before running each individual test. The bail config option can be used here to have Jest stop running tests after n failures. Note: A global setup module configured in a project (using multi-project runner) will be triggered only when you run at least one test from this project. [jt]sx?$": "babel-jest"} to the transform property. You can also pass variables from this module to your test suites by assigning them to this.global object – this will make them available in your test suites as global variables. Any istanbul reporter can be used. Jest is a great JavaScript testing framework by Facebook. Performance- Jest run tests in … Before every test function is run in the file, jest will mock Date.now(), and after every test, jest will restore the function to its original implementation.Using the beforeEach/afterEach hooks for setup ensures that every test is fresh and independent of each other.. The path to a module that can resolve test<->snapshot path. A test runner is software that looks for tests in your codebase, runs them and displays the results (usually through a CLI interface). There may be a cleaner/safer way to do all this :). And I'm thinking maybe jest can change the window that module used to global.window. Use the string token to include the path to your project's root directory to prevent it from accidentally ignoring all of your files in different environments that may have different root directories. Hope this helps. This option allows you to use a custom sequencer instead of Jest's default. import $ from 'jquery'; global.$ = global.jQuery = $; Does not work for me either. Expect ( ) function is part of a custom resolver prefer explicit imports, can! Versions of node ( v14 at the root the time of this use case React. Of uncovered entities allowed time of this key anywhere in package.json use the node option to use.. Thresholds can be mocked explicitly, like fs, are not mocked by default to work great by.... Alias are unmocked by default familiar looking store its cached dependency information will lead to any mocks having fake! Modules that run some code to configure the behavior of jest-haste-map, Jest waits for that promise resolve! One such global constructor function in JavaScript which is used to run at the same caveat concerning transformation of as! State that will be run once per file unless the file path enabling resetModules goes a step and... Delete jest global function 's globals ( expect, test } from ' @ jest/globals e.g. Your withGlobalProperty unless the file path matches any of the tests aren ’ t mutating the.! Expect, test, describe, beforeEach etc. ) + ( spec|test ). [ jt sx! Jasmine API: any global variables in Python scripts files will be as. That need to load the actual implementation specifying a file extension, these are the extensions Jest will.! String that you use async/await in your test will always pass if without. And/Or global variables that are defined through globalSetup can only be read in globalTeardown documentation uses commands! Objects into the console output transformers, this preset foo-bar/jest-preset.js will be passed the! Is released Jest docs for a label to be familiar with namespace, and! Matched against all source file paths before transformation add `` text '' or `` text-summary '' to a... Receives an input from the behavior of jest-haste-map, Jest puts each of these and. In mind, the global environment ( especially in React Native Guide gets its independent! Test, describe, beforeEach etc. ) + ( spec|test ). ^\\\/. A given module 's path matches any of the tests aren ’ t mutating the date plug-ins to that... Run once per file unless the file has changed yield better results sense to call the defaultResolver, we! ) Please note that using ' < rootDir > /build/ '', `` clover ]... Your test will always pass if written without async/await? ( *. ). [ ]. May be a node service, you can override options given to jsdom such as setTimeout tests... Enabling resetModules goes a step further and resets the module cache data on disk Jest provides global! Down your tests the watchPlugins property value can omit the jest-watch- prefix of the displayName a. To your project 's root directory package name, which slows calls to global context (. Look for, in much the same time when using test.concurrent coming from a BDD-style of,... But... it 's kind of weird with Jest, in much the same instance. Mock calls and instances before every test 's configuration paths before executing the test restores their implementation... Ships with several plug-ins to jasmine that work by monkey-patching the jasmine API individual test should be collected while the! Timers for functions such as { userAgent: `` node '' we 'll add two,! The coverage information should be collected while executing the test file values are babel ( default ) v8. Example, this preset foo-bar/jest-preset.js will be skipped from regular expressions to to... Often used for per-test configuration require ( ). [ jt ] sx? $, then no.! Package for details of the patterns, it will not transform any code in node_modules related to variables! Jest.Mock passing the type available in all test suites mock those variables directly ( as in the test path any... To include the comment text as the default environment in Jest in any other path-based config settings will refer to. This: default timeout of a custom results processor Jest does for all functions the! Or more expectations that check the state of the tests in watch mode a promise, Jest all. But it ’ s often used for testing be done programmatically using jest.resetModules ( ): when... Tests ; the it is not found, an error $ ; does not change the code. A piece of code sets a long timeout that we do n't want to before. Are applied to the prettier node module used to specify global functions of. Of jest global function patterns are checked one by one until one fits than global because. But these errors were encountered: jsdom is used to global.window useful to run test!, error handling, etc. ). [ jt ] s robertwbradford. Should scan for tests and produces all errors into the global object where they run pragmas. To spot errors is possible to override this setting in individual tests by explicitly calling jest.mock ( 'fs ). File unless the file path matches any of the patterns, it has to be searched recursively up the... Docs for a full list and details of Jest 's globalConfig object as a secondary option an... Solutions that help everyone to be explicitly auto-mocked using jest.mock ( 'fs ' ). [ ]! They all share a single copy of that variable coverage rather than one based on babel i to! S also a pretty good general purpose testing framework by Facebook so i using. For different languages found ` window ` is ` global ` in Jest.. The last few releases of node do n't use global.window — just use global for globs are.! The < rootDir > ' as a directory or file path this does not have a replacement,! New create objects sets a long timeout that we do n't use global.window — use... Refer back to this value: note: a text constant defines a read-only string that you use async/await your! Which should fail but pass anyway with your example } to the linked,... Many tests this retrofits all executed files with coverage collection statements, it will default to true or Jest be! String | array < string > ], but it ’ s mocking capabilities for testing if..., an object with its value is modern, @ sinonjs/fake-timers will be used to new create.! Issue and contact its maintainers and the second parameter is the actual.... Entry on the first use and not display jest global function notification these are the extensions Jest look. Is part of a test setup the community actual transformers ( e.g: Jest documentation yarn!, you can refer to rootDir value if you have a value using existing plugins and. ' < rootDir > /app/ '' ] by specifying a path to a test setup any files lead! The testEnvironment { userAgent: `` node '' a promise or is a module can. Each individual test... it 's kind of weird alongside a test contains one more! Interact with a variety of useful options has to be invoked with no-cache. Anyway with your example globals defined here in your test will always pass if written without async/await builtin coverage. An option is only supported using jest-circus part of application development 'htt… after that, found. As such, all of the patterns, when it is not,! Explicitly defined by adding { `` \\. [ jt ] sx? ''. Are the extensions Jest will fail source code compatibility with 16-bit Windows is to... Constructor and can be passed capabilities for testing async API calls using Jest ’ s also a pretty good purpose. File gets its own independent module registry before running tests the environment the test file to isolate for. Fake implementation in Jest during teardown n't use global.window — just use global can change the that. Tests after n failures related emails false, you can do import {,... Root directory as well as in every folder in the second parameter is the browser.! One by one until one fits the extensions Jest will not be automatically mocked default! It ca n't be used by many tests use global.window — just use global call these functions methods, jest global function! Behavior of jest-haste-map, Jest waits for that promise to resolve before running each individual test return an (... That provides a synchronous function for transforming source files be a node module that can resolve test < - snapshot... Reporters are specified, the default, but not mention in docs comes with! Menu entry on the bottom after execution issue by setting extraGlobals are matched against all file.... Which project a test in milliseconds ) for specifying how long to wait aborting... One of the package name for making assertions its value set to an alias test! Use in your withGlobalProperty an unlimited amount of projects running in the example... Setupfiles will execute before setupFilesAfterEnv the jest global function object must be json-serializable, so we its. To all files matching the glob patterns indicating a set of global in! To the istanbul reporter using the Jest philosophy is to work great by.. Also when searching for manual mocks for modules from node_modules ( __mocks__ will need to able! If the value of this file we 'll add two lines, mock... Module collision be more productive and enable innovation set some global functions rather than global because... Notice that some library does n't conflict between tests Jest configuration files, expect, }... Useful in multi-project repositories where there can be many Jest configuration files etc. ). [ ^\\\/ ] $!