[98] The Shag Rock, a notable landmark, was reduced to half of its former height. [224][225] The Super Rugby Round 2 match between the Crusaders and Hurricanes scheduled for 26 February 2011 at Westpac Stadium in Wellington was abandoned. [182], Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, issued a statement on behalf of the UN expressing his "deep sadness" and stressed the "readiness of the United Nations to contribute to its efforts in any way needed". Michael Daly 15:19, Jan 27 2012. [256][258][259][260] Those with the most exposure suffer the most from mental health deficits, compared with those that are relatively unaffected. The fault that caused the quake cannot be seen from the surface, but it runs about 6 km south of the city centre. [64] The building was thought to be irreparably damaged and have the potential to bring down other buildings if it fell; an area of a two-block radius around the hotel was thus evacuated. [260][261][262] Self-report can introduce bias to results, leading to skewed data. Liquefaction is when a water like liquid emerges from the ground. It is the third time the census has been cancelled in New Zealand; the other occasions occurred in 1931, due to the Great Depression, and in 1941 due to World War II. [199], The inquiry began in April 2011 and was completed in November 2012. It was deemed unstable and demolished in April 2011. The Commission examined issues with specific reference to the Canterbury Television (CTV), Pyne Gould Corporation (PGC), Forsyth Barr and Hotel Grand Chancellor buildings. [155], A field hospital providing 75 beds was set up in the badly affected eastern suburbs on 24 February. Surgenor, L.J., Snell, D.L., & Dorathy, M.L. [261][262] Retrospective self-report is affected greatly by the individual's current state of distress. Christchurch's strongest local earthquake in more than a year may have been generated by the same fault that caused the damaging Boxing Day quake in 2010. The Canterbury Earthquakes caused a lot of damage, mostly in the city centre and eastern suburbs. [64] Search of the building was technically difficult for USAR teams, requiring the deconstruction of 4-tonne stair sets, but the building was cleared with no victims discovered.[65]. On Tuesday 22nd of February 2011 there was a 6.3 magnitude earthquake at 12:51pm. The International Rugby Board and the New Zealand Rugby World Cup organisers announced in March 2011 that the city would be unable to host the World Cup matches. [91] Two people died on local walking tracks after being hit by rockfalls. Sydenham Heritage Church and the Beckenham Baptist Church were heavily damaged, and then demolished days after the earthquake. New Zealand's Earthquake Commission (EQC), a government organisation, levies policyholders to cover a major part of the earthquake risk. 2011 Christchurch Earthquake MIHOP: Another Manmade Catastrophe Caused By The USual Suspects Who Knew It Was Coming And Why? Significant liquefaction affected the eastern suburbs, producing around 400,000 tonnes of silt. The June 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a shallow magnitude 6.0 M w earthquake that occurred on 13 June 2011 at 14:20 NZST (02:20 UTC).It was centred at a depth of 7 km (4.3 mi), about 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Christchurch, which had previously been devastated by a magnitude 6.2 M W earthquake in February 2011. [72][73] The building was eventually stabilised and, on 4 March it was decided the building would be demolished over the following six months,[74] so that further work could be done with the buildings nearby. [220][221], Christchurch was set to host five pool matches and two quarter finals of the 2011 Rugby World Cup. It will be important to have information on a wide variety of demographic groups because the same mental health treatment will not help all of those affected by a trauma. [227] The Crusaders played their entire home schedule away from Christchurch,. On 6 June, a large aftershock measuring 5.5 on the Richter scale occurred and was felt as far away as, A series of aftershocks occurred on 13 June. In September 2010, Christchurch was shaken by the magnitude 7.1 Darfield earthquake, caused by movement along faults west of the city on the Canterbury Plains. [45], Road and bridge damage occurred and hampered rescue efforts. In March 2011 the government established The Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission to report on the causes of building failure as a result of the earthquakes as well as the adequacy of building codes and other standards for buildings in New Zealand Central Business Districts. [2] The earthquake struck the Canterbury region in New Zealand's South Island and was centred 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) south-east of the centre of Christchurch,[10] New Zealand's second-most populous city. [169] Community laundries were set up in affected suburbs. It has an X rating on the Mercalli scale, signifying that it was an intense earthquake. [106], KiwiRail reported that the TranzAlpine service was terminating at Greymouth and the TranzCoastal terminating at Picton. The number of international guest nights had declined by just 6% after the September earthquake, but fell by a further third following the February earthquake. The severest of those events were the earthquake (magnitude from 7.0 to … With limited water supplies for firefighting, a total fire ban was introduced, and the fire service brought in water tankers from other centres. Killing 185 people, the 2011 Christchurch earthquake is recorded as the nation’s most deadliest national disaster. [176], The UN and the European Union offered assistance. what caused the christchurch earthquake 2011. Japan sent 70 search-and-rescue personnel including specialists from the coastguard, police and fire fighting service, as well as three sniffer dogs. Three times as many people were injured in the February 2011 earthquake as in September 2010. Different demographics may benefit from different types of mental counseling to help them recover from trauma. Prior to the 2010 quake, the EQC had a fund of NZ$5.93 billion according to the EQC 2010 Annual Report, with NZ$4.43 billion left prior to the 2011 quake, after taking off the NZ$1.5 billion cost. The earthquake in February 2011 occurred at 12:51 p.m. and just 10 kilometers (6 miles) … The total number of claims for the two events was expected to be 250,000, as Brownlee explained that many of the claims were "overlapping". A decision was made to remove the dome because the supporting structure was weakened. Christchurch earthquake: 10,000 homes face demolition ... Mon 7 Mar 2011 03.22 EST. The remainder of the tower was demolished in March 2012. Answer Save. The earthquake's epicentre was at 43.58 degrees S and 172.68 degrees E, the devastating earthquake was caused by a hidden fault (Port Hills Fault) that had shifted. The hidden fault that caused the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. The Earthquake had a magnitude of 6.3 and an epicentre of 43.58°S, 172.68°E. (Which tectonic plates moved?) The September 2010 earthquake caused two Christchurch residents to be seriously injured, one by a falling chimney and a second by flying glass, and led to many with less serious injuries. [184], The Queen said she was "utterly shocked" and her "thoughts were with all those affected". Three RNZAF Beechcraft Super King Air aircraft were also used to evacuate people from Christchurch. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Police Staff 12–18 months after the Canterbury earthquakes. Within two hours of the quake national co-ordination was operating from the National Crisis Management Centre located in the basement of the Beehive in Wellington.[119]. Dorahy, M.J., Rowlands, A., Renouf, C., Hanna, D., Britt, E., & Carter, J.D. Positive effects, such as a greater sense of community connection, can aide in helping the community heal as a whole. Approximately 450 fully serviced mobile homes would be located on sites across the city including Canterbury Agricultural Park and Riccarton Racecourse. ", CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Television interview with Minister Brownlee on NZ TV One, 24 February 2011 at 19:30 NZT. [13], Although smaller in magnitude than the 2010 earthquake, the February earthquake was more damaging and deadly for a number of reasons. [79], The historic Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings were severely damaged, with the Stone Chamber completely collapsing.[14][80]. [81] Both Our City and the Civic are on the register of Heritage New Zealand. [122] On 23 February the Minister of Civil Defence, John Carter declared the situation a state of national emergency,[123] the country's first for a civil defence emergency (the only other one was for the 1951 waterfront dispute). [222], New Zealand Cricket's offices were damaged by the earthquake. Tremors continue to hit Christchurch and the surrounding Canterbury region, mostly centered around the small Canterbury town of Darfield. [57] On 23 February police decided that the damage was not survivable, and rescue efforts at the building were suspended. The Christchurch Earthquake (2011) Home; Causes ; Impacts ; Mitigation; References; Casualties, Damages and Other Effects. Researchers are unable to reliably compare an individual's mental health status to their health status previous to the trauma because they must rely on retrospective self-report. Uncategorized what caused the christchurch earthquake 2011 October 19, 2020 no Comments . [166][167] Mains water supply was re-established to 70% of households within one week. [22] The PGA is also one of the greatest-ever ground accelerations recorded in the world,[24] and was unusually high for a 6.2 quake,[25] and the highest in a vertical direction. [179], Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper released a statement saying: "The thoughts and prayers of Canadians are with all those affected by the earthquake. Christchurch Police were supplemented by staff and resources from around the country, along with a 323-strong contingent of Australian Police, who were sworn in as New Zealand Police on their arrival, bringing the total number of officers in the city to 1200. The primarily wilderness all-volunteer search and rescue organisation, LandSAR, deployed 530 people to the city to perform welfare checks. [137] The United States sent Urban Search and Rescue California Task Force 2, a 74-member heavy rescue team consisting of firefighters and paramedics from the Los Angeles County Fire Department, doctors, engineers and 26 tons of pre-packaged rescue equipment. New Zealand is on the edge of a tectonic plate and is prone to earthquakes, same as Japan & California. The 21-storey PricewaterhouseCoopers building, the city's tallest office tower, was among the office buildings to be later demolished. Even though the February 2011 earthquake was smaller in magnitude than the September 2010 earthquake, its impact was much greater. Water and wastewater services were disrupted throughout the city, with authorities urging residents to conserve water and collect rainwater. With extra passenger and freight movements over Cook Strait following the earthquake, the company would have been unable to cope with just two ships operating on a reduced schedule so soon after the earthquake, so pushed back the departure to the end of April. [262] Depressive symptoms before a disaster can predict higher chances of developing PTSD following a trauma. They started work immediately in a multi-agency response to the collapse of the CTV Building on Madras Street. It was about 5 km underground. It struck the Canterbury region of the island and caused a lot of damage and many deaths in Christchurch, New Zealand's second largest city.. Impact of a major disaster on the mental health of a well-studied cohort. Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, J., Boden, J.M., & Mulder, R.T. (2014). "[186], Barack Obama, President of the United States, issued a statement from the White House Press Office on the disaster by way of an official announcement that "On behalf of the American people, Michelle and I extend our deepest condolences to the people of New Zealand and to the families and friends of the victims in Christchurch, which has suffered its second major earthquake in just six months... As our New Zealand friends move forward, may they find some comfort and strength in knowing that they will have the enduring friendship and support of many partners around the world, including the United States." [108], The earthquake combined with the urgency created by the unseasonably early break-up of sea ice on the Ross Ice Shelf caused logistical problems with the return of Antarctic summer season research operations from Scott Base and McMurdo Station in Antarctica to Christchurch. [183] Twenty Chinese students were reported missing following the quake. [256][257][258][259][260][261][262] Clinical interviews are difficult because of the widespread damage to infrastructure and roads, which leads to reliance on self-report. That would make it the third most costly earthquake event in history, after the 2011 Japan and 1994 California earthquakes. Was it a Conservative plate boundary? The fault that caused the quake cannot be seen from the surface, but it runs about 6 km south of the city centre. The Causes of the Christchurch Earthquake On the 22nd of February 2011, 12:51 pm a catastrophic earthquake hit Christchurch, New Zealand. The 22nd February 2011 M6.2 Christchurch Earthquake caused extensive damage, injuries, and loss of life. [19] 80% of the water and sewerage system was severely damaged. 115 people died in the building, which housed a TV station, a medical clinic and an English language school. [75] Demolition was completed in May 2012. [162] Electricity distribution operator Orion later stated the power outages caused by the earthquake added to 3261 SAIDI minutes, or equivalent to the entire city being without power for 54 hours and 21 minutes. [168] Waste water and sewerage systems were severely damaged. [159], The 66 kV subtransmission cables supplying Dallington and New Brighton zone substations from Transpower's Bromley substation were damaged beyond repair, which necessitated the erection of temporary 66 kV overhead lines from Bromley to Dallington and Bromley to New Brighton to get power into the eastern suburbs. [68] By mid-2019 early design and stabilisation work had begun. The CTV Building was the headquarters of Canterbury Television (locally known as CTV) and other companies. [236] Much of the NZ$90 million cost of the 2011 census was written off. Context - on 22 February 2011 a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck in Christchurch, which has probably killed more than 200 people (at this point the number is still not known) and caused very severe damage. please help! What caused the quake? [258][262] It's thought that natural disasters, such as earthquakes, are able to induce these positive effects because they affect an entire community, in comparison to an event that targets only an individual. Once the composite Christchurch Coordination Centre was established on 23 February the CDEM Group Controllers and ECC personnel relocated to the City Art Gallery to supplement the management personnel available to the National Controller. What happened to the buildings? February's earthquake was forecast . The powerful earthquake that smashed buildings, cracked roads and twisted rail lines in Christchurch also ripped a new 3.5m-wide fault line in the Earth's surface. Description of the event: In February 2011, a 6.3M earthquake devastated the city of Christchurch, New Zealand. In April 2013, the rebuilding cost of Christchurch and the surrounding Canterbury region was estimated at $40 billion. [219] The plans were confirmed in February 2013, with seven schools closing, 10 schools merging into five (not including the overturned Phillipstown-Woolston merger), and three high schools taking on additional year levels. Aftershocks were concentrated at the east end of the fault towards Christchurch as rock distorted by the original earthquake adjusted to new stresses. The earthquake first er upted 5 km south-east of Christchurch at 12:51pm (local time 23:51:43 GMT) on the 22 of February 2011. The earthquake destroyed the ChristChurch Cathedral's spire and part of its tower, and severely damaged the structure of the remaining building. Christchurch being New Zealand’s second most populated city, there were many casualties caused by the earthquake. [157], Humanitarian support and welfare were provided by various agencies, in particular the New Zealand Red Cross[158] and the Salvation Army. [194] Prince William, made a two-day trip to the country to tour the areas affected by the earthquake,[195] attended on the Queen's behalf and made an address during the service. The 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a 6.3 magnitude earthquake which struck the South Island of New Zealand at 12:51 pm on 22 February 2011 NZT. [133] They were aided by DVI teams from Australia, UK, Thailand[134] Taiwan and Israel.[133]. 185 people died as a result of the magnitude 6.3 earthquake that struck the Canterbury region on 22 February, 2011. "[53][54], Of the 3,000 buildings inspected within the four avenues of the central city by 3 March 2011, 45% had been given red or yellow stickers to restrict access because of the safety problems. [170] Portable shower units were also established in the eastern suburbs. [251], On 2 March 2011, John Key said he expected an interest rate cut to deal with the earthquake. In September 2012, Minister of Education Hekia Parata announced plans to permanently close and/or merge a number of schools due to falling roll numbers and quake damage. The earthquake happened 5 km south-east of Christchurch; it had a focal depth of of 5 km. [172], Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard on the earthquake. Such was the case with the earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, on February 22, 2011. Linwood College and Shirley Boys' High School moved back to their original sites on 1 August (the first day of Term 3), and 13 September 2011 respectively. Studying earthquakes has shown to be a difficult task when considering all the limitations created by natural disasters. The reaction to the statement sent the New Zealand dollar down. The earthquake was caused by the rupture of a 15-kilometre-long fault along the southern edge of the city, from Cashmere to the Avon–Heathcote estuary. EQC chief executive Ian Simpson said that the $4 billion cap for each earthquake is unlikely to be exceeded by the costs of residential building and land repairs, so $3 billion would be left in the EQC's Natural Disaster Fund after payouts. Drone assesses Christchurch Cathedral earthquake damage Posted on: July 7, 2016 2:10 PM A still image from a video producced by a drone camera inside New Zealand’s Christchurch Cathedral showing damaged caused by the February 2011 earthquake. These insurers underwrite their commercial losses to reinsurers, who will again bear the brunt of these claims. [33] Geologists reported liquefaction was worse than the 2010 earthquake.[16]. [62] The reinforced concrete building had been constructed in 1963–1964. The Christchurch earthquake caused extensive damage to infrastructure and buildings. 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While the judgements were mostly in favour of the church, no further demolition occurred after the removal of the tower in early 2012. Christchurch Earthquake 2011. [136] On 1 March, it was announced that the New South Wales Government would be donating A$1 million (NZ$1.3 million[175]) to the victims of the Christchurch earthquake. [63], The Forsyth Barr Building survived the earthquake but many occupants were trapped after the collapse of the stairwells, forcing some to abseil out after the quake. Both COGIC, French Civil Protection and the American USGS requested the activation of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters on the behalf of MCDEM New Zealand, thus readily providing satellite imagery for aid and rescue services. Since the fault movement that caused the earthquake did not visibly breach the Earth’s surface, scientists were reliant on measurements from a variety of instruments to determine the location and nature of the fault movements. The September earthquake happen… Causes The earthquake struck the city of Christchurch in New Zealand on 22 February 2011. [28] Although the rupture was subsurface, satellite images indicated that the net displacement of the land south of the fault was 50 cm westwards and upwards; the land movement would have been greater during the earthquake. In the central city, two buses were crushed by falling buildings. The devastating earthquake that tore through Christchurch on Tuesday is the product of a new fault line in the Earth’s crust that seismologists were previously unaware of. [7], Immediately following the earthquake, 80% of Christchurch was without power. [136] It was equipped to provide triage, emergency care, maternity, dental care, isolation tents for gastroenteritis, and to provide primary care since most general practices in the area were unable to open. Official visitation teams were organised by Civil Defence and there were engineers or assessors from EQC. 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