Lovecraft himself adopted the stance of atheism early in life. [26] For his part, Lovecraft said he found his mother to be "a positive marvel of consideration". The forces of good were supposed to have won, locking Cthulhu and others beneath the earth, the ocean, and elsewhere. [n 4][80], Due to his fear of doctors, Lovecraft was not examined until a mere month before his death. Other publishers are Hippocampus Press (Letters to Alfred Galpin et al. [39], Lovecraft was appointed to chairman of the Department of Public Criticism of the UAPA in late 1914. He had lost approximately 40 pounds (18 kg) of body weight by 1926, when he left for Providence. "[34], This sparked a nearly year-long feud in the letters section of Argosy between Lovecraft, along with his occasional supporters, and the majority of readers critical of his view of Jackson. [183][page needed]. Starting with areas that he thought were evocative, Lovecraft redefined and exaggerated them under fictional names. Giger. Lovecraft and Greene married on March 3, 1924, and relocated to her Brooklyn apartment at 793 Flatbush Avenue; she thought he needed to leave Providence to flourish and was willing to support him financially. His stories also have dreamlike qualities. The overall critical reception of the volume was mixed. In 1913, he wrote a critical letter to a pulp magazine that ultimately led to his involvement in pulp fiction. Richard A. Lupoff's Lovecraft's Book (1985), Cast a Deadly Spell (1991), Necronomicon (1993), Witch Hunt (1994), Out of Mind: The Stories of H. P. Lovecraft (1998), Stargate SG-1: Roswell (2007), and Alan Moore's comic Providence (2015–17). [174] The Simon Necronomicon is one such example. The being first appeared in Lovecraft's revision story "The Last Test" (1928); however, in Lovecraft's fiction, she is never actually described, but is … [31] In this period he also wrote racist poetry such as "New-England Fallen" and "On the Creation of Niggers"; there is no indication that either were ever published in his lifetime. As with the inevitability of one's ancestry, eventually even running away, or death itself, provides no safety (The Thing on the Doorstep, "The Outsider", The Case of Charles Dexter Ward). It is unclear what Susie may have been suffering from. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. [171] Horror games especially can incorporate Cthulthean terrors, despite the conflict between "act-and-prevail" nature of video games and the cosmic hopelessness of Lovecraftian horror. [22], Lovecraft himself acknowledged in letters that he suffered from bouts of chorea as a child. [48], In 1918, Lovecraft's term as president of the UAPA elapsed, and he took his former post as chairman of the Department of Public Criticism. Lovecraft", "What Robert Bloch owes to H. P. Lovecraft", "Tales of the Marvellous and the Ridiculous", "Mad Speculation and Absolute Inhumanism: Lovecraft, Ligotti, and the Weirding of Philosophy", Lovecraft: A Look Behind the Cthulhu Mythos, At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels, Necronomicon: The Best Weird Tales of H. P. Lovecraft: Commemorative Edition, Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth, The Unnamable II: The Statement of Randolph Carter, H. P. Lovecraft's Dreams in the Witch-House, Alan Moore's Yuggoth Cultures and Other Growths, Neil Gaiman's Only the End of the World Again, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H._P._Lovecraft&oldid=995517155, 20th-century American short story writers, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles that may contain original research from February 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2020, Articles needing additional references from May 2012, All articles needing additional references, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2020, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Short story writer, editor, novelist, poet, This page was last edited on 21 December 2020, at 13:45. Several themes recur in Lovecraft's stories: — H. P. Lovecraft, in note to the editor of Weird Tales, on resubmission of "The Call of Cthulhu"[103], Forbidden, dark, esoterically veiled knowledge is a central theme in many of Lovecraft's works. His power, "The Great Old Ones" pays homage to his classic short story, "The Call of Cthulhu" which grants him the ability of transforming himself into an octopus-like monster resembling Cthulhu. [69] Established informally some years before Lovecraft arrived in New York, the core Kalem Club members were boys' adventure novelist Henry Everett McNeil, the lawyer and anarchist writer James Ferdinand Morton Jr., and the poet Reinhardt Kleiner. Stories By Lovecraft. [158], Japan has also been significantly inspired and terrified by Lovecraft's creations and thus even entered the manga and anime media. [113], Lovecraft showed sympathy to those who adopted Western culture, even to the extent of marrying a Jewish woman whom he viewed as "well assimilated. Howard Phillips Lovecraft (US: /ˈlʌvkræft/; August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American writer of weird and horror fiction, who is known for his creation of what became the Cthulhu Mythos. The book states "all superstitious beliefs are relics of a common 'prehistoric ignorance' in humans," and goes on to explore various superstitious beliefs in different cultures and times. [176] A textual analysis has determined that the contents of this book were derived from multiple documents that discuss Mesopotamian myth and magic. [29] Lovecraft found his studies were hobbled by the mathematics involved, which he found boring and would cause headaches that would incapacitate him for a day. [15], By 1900, Whipple's various business concerns were suffering a downturn and slowly reducing his family's wealth. [144] After the World Fantasy Award dropped their connection to Lovecraft, The Atlantic commented that "In the end, Lovecraft still wins—people who've never read a page of his work will still know who Cthulhu is for years to come, and his legacy lives on in the work of Stephen King, Guillermo del Toro, and Neil Gaiman. The psychedelic rock band H. P. Lovecraft (who shortened their name to Lovecraft and then Love Craft in the 1970s) released the albums H. P. Lovecraft and H. P. Lovecraft II in 1967 and 1968 respectively; their songs included "The White Ship" and "At the Mountains of Madness", both titled after Lovecraft stories. Following Derleth's death in 1971, his attorney proclaimed that all of Lovecraft's literary material was part of the Derleth estate and that it would be "protected to the fullest extent possible. Regarding the United States, all works published before 1925 are public domain. Lovecraft's later correspondence was primarily to fellow weird fiction writers, rather than to the amateur journalist friends of his earlier years. For the full list of rules please check the wiki. Houdini's unexpected death later that year halted the project, but The Cancer of Superstition was partially completed by Lovecraft along with collaborator C. M. Eddy Jr. A previously unknown manuscript of the work was discovered in 2016 in a collection owned by a magic shop. [78] He supported Franklin D. Roosevelt, but he thought that the New Deal was not sufficiently leftist. Reading Club Archive. He was also a prolific letter writer. [54] Lovecraft's immediate reaction to Susie's commitment was visceral, writing to Kleiner that, "existence seems of little value," and that he wished "it might terminate". [81] Meanwhile, Lovecraft's physical health was deteriorating. Protagonist characters in Lovecraft are usually educated men, citing scientific and rational evidence to support their non-faith. Classic editor History Comments Share. He remained hospitalized until he died. Lovecraft's works are ruled by several distinct pantheons of deities (actually aliens worshiped as gods by humans) who are either indifferent or actively hostile to humanity. The Last Lovecraft: Relic of Cthulhu (2009) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. At the turn of the 20th century, humanity's increased reliance upon science was both opening new worlds and solidifying understanding of ours. He was known to give up trying to sell a story after it had been once rejected. It had its international theatrical release in August 2010 at Toronto's fifth annual After Dark Film Festival through MPI's Dark Sky Films label. Many of these works can be found on Wikisource. In August 1925, he wrote "The Horror at Red Hook" and "He", in the latter of which the narrator says "My coming to New York had been a mistake; for whereas I had looked for poignant wonder and inspiration [...] I had found instead only a sense of horror and oppression which threatened to master, paralyze, and annihilate me." According to Lovecraft, his father had been constantly warned to avoid using Americanized words and phrases. [115] Lovecraft's racial attitudes were common in the society of his day, especially in the New England in which he grew up.[116]. Barlow committed suicide in 1951. "Polaris"). Within months, he died due to a stroke at age 70. The subreddit's favorite picks. The awe and dread described by the characters in Lovecraft's weird fiction baffle them; they are stunned as their minds struggle to comprehend the alien things before them. [146] While his stories appeared in prominent pulp magazines such as Weird Tales (eliciting letters of outrage as often as praise from regular readers), not many people knew his name. [68][page needed], He was enthralled by New York, and, in what was informally dubbed the Kalem Club, he acquired a group of encouraging intellectual and literary friends who urged him to submit stories to Weird Tales; editor Edwin Baird accepted many otherworldly 'Dream Cycle' Lovecraft stories for the ailing publication, though they were heavily criticized by a section of the readership. He declared Blackwood's story The Willows to be the single best piece of weird fiction ever written. "[99], Dreams had a major role in Lovecraft's literary career. Lovecraft was not an active letter-writer in youth. Added to the daunting reality of failure in a city with a large immigrant population, Lovecraft's single-room apartment at 169 Clinton Street in Brooklyn Heights, not far from the working-class waterfront neighborhood Red Hook, was burgled, leaving him with only the clothes he was wearing. Plans for a further project were ended by Houdini's death. [75], Sometimes, as with The Shadow over Innsmouth (which included a rousing chase that supplied action) he wrote a story that might have been commercially viable but did not try to sell it. Arkham House, Sauk City, Wise., 1939. Weird Tales In "The Silver Key", the character Randolph Carter loses the ability to dream and seeks solace in religion, specifically Congregationalism, but does not find it and ultimately loses faith. Directed by Henry Saine. Lovecraft himself guessed that they originated from classic Gothic novelists like Ann Radcliffe, Matthew Lewis, and Charles Maturin. [73] The same address is given as the home of Dr. Willett in Lovecraft's The Case of Charles Dexter Ward. [52], In the winter of 1918–1919, Susie, exhibiting symptoms of a "nervous breakdown" of some sort, went to live with her elder sister Lillian. "The Lurking Fear"). In 1932, he wrote in a letter to Robert E. Howard: All I say is that I think it is damned unlikely that anything like a central cosmic will, a spirit world, or an eternal survival of personality exist. [30] Lovecraft's first poem that was not self-published appeared in a local newspaper in 1912. [37] During this period, he was an advocate for amateurism versus commercialism. Later that year, she was forced to move herself and her son to a small duplex. [172], Several contemporary religions have drawn influence from the works of Lovecraft. Shub-Niggurath (The Black Goat of the Woods with a Thousand Young) is an Outer God in the Cthulhu Mythos of H.P. Beyond direct adaptation, Lovecraft and his stories have had a profound impact on popular culture. [165] Technical death metal outfit Revocation frequently write songs based on Lovecraft's stories and often use him as inspiration in their original works. [11] Lovecraft has said that as a child he was enamored of the Roman pantheon of gods, accepting them as genuine expressions of divinity and foregoing his Christian upbringing. When Gamwell died in 1941, the copyrights passed to her remaining descendants, Ethel Phillips Morrish and Edna Lewis, who then signed a document, sometimes referred to as the Morrish-Lewis gift, permitting Arkham House to republish Lovecraft's works while retaining the copyrights for themselves. They are described as being as helpless as a real dreamer who is experiencing a nightmare. He recalled, at five years old, being told Santa Claus did not exist and retorting by asking why "God is not equally a myth. "[140], Several media outlets published articles discussing Lovecraft's legacy as a horror fiction writer, with many outlets in the 2010s discussing and criticizing Lovecraft's racism and homophobia. [61] The poem "Nyarlathotep" and the short story "The Crawling Chaos", in collaboration with Winifred Virginia Jackson, were written in late 1920. [10], Lovecraft's earliest known literary works began at age seven with poems restyling the Odyssey and other mythological stories. Derleth's Cthulhu Mythos stories went on to associate different gods with the traditional four elements of fire, air, earth and water — an artificial constraint which required rationalizations on Derleth's part as Lovecraft himself never envisioned such a scheme. Burleson compares this deconstruction to Carl Jung's argument that dreams are the source of archetypal myths. Here’s a chance for BFS members to win a DVD of Henry Saine’s The Last Lovecraft: “Three ordinary guys and their monster-filled adventure to save mankind. In 2005 the prestigious Library of America canonized Lovecraft with a volume of his stories edited by Peter Straub, and Random House's Modern Library line have issued the "definitive edition" of Lovecraft's At the Mountains of Madness (also including Supernatural Horror in Literature). His mother's and aunts' wearing of black mourning dresses "terrified" him, and it is at this time that Lovecraft, approximately five-and-a-half years old, started having nightmares that would inform his later writing. [67] Lovecraft's weight increased to 200 lb (91 kg) on his wife's home cooking. [46] "The Tomb", by Lovecraft's own admission, follows closely the style and construction of the writings of one of his largest influences, Edgar Allan Poe. The finding of a magical text by monks is also a common theme in the history of grimoires. He was influenced by Arthur Machen's[92] carefully constructed tales concerning the survival of ancient evil into modern times in an otherwise realistic world and his beliefs in hidden mysteries which lay behind reality. [4], In April 1893, after a psychotic episode in a Chicago hotel, Winfield was committed to Butler Hospital in Providence. [45] Soon to follow were "The Tomb" and "Dagon". Edit. Lovecraft's success is, in part, the result of his success. Besides employing Cthulthean antagonists, games that invoke Lovecraftian horror have used mechanics such as insanity effects, or even fourth wall breaking effects that suggest to players that something has gone wrong with their game consoles. Contemporary French writer Michel Houellebecq wrote a literary biography, H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life. [85], One of Lovecraft's most significant literary influences was Edgar Allan Poe, whom he described as his "God of Fiction. Searches of the Library of Congress have failed to find any evidence that these copyrights were renewed after the 28-year period, making it likely that these works are now in the public domain. These volumes led to a proliferation of other volumes containing Lovecraft's works. Cthulhu Mythos In some stories this struggle is at an individual level; many of his protagonists are cultured, highly educated men who are gradually corrupted by some obscure and feared influence. This is the only one of Lovecraft's stories that was published as a book during his lifetime. [77][page needed] After leaving New York, he moved to an apartment at 10 Barnes Street near Brown University with his surviving aunt; a few years later, they moved to a slightly less expensive place at 65 Prospect Street. Lovecraft described Jackson's stories as "trivial, effeminate, and, in places, coarse." This is according to L. Sprague de Camp and S. T. Joshi's estimates. [163], Lovecraft's fictional Mythos has influenced a number of musicians, especially in rock music. [59] The influence of Dunsany is readily apparent in his 1919 output, later be to coined Lovecraft's Dream Cycle, with stories like "The White Ship", "The Doom That Came to Sarnath", and "The Statement of Randolph Carter". [24] In another letter concerning the events of 1908, Lovecraft stated that he "could hardly bear to see or speak to anyone, & liked to shut out the world by pulling down dark shades & using artificial light. [122], By 1957, Floyd C. Gale of Galaxy Science Fiction said that "like R. E. Howard, Lovecraft seemingly goes on forever; the two decades since their death are as nothing. It was later released … Often in Lovecraft's works, the protagonist is not in control of his own actions or finds it impossible to change course. Though he passed the physical exam,[51] he told Kleiner that his mother "has threatened to go to any lengths, legal or otherwise, if I do not reveal all the ills which unfit me for the army". But most often, such stories involve a civilized culture being gradually undermined by a malevolent underclass influenced by inhuman forces. "[120], In 1926, famed magician and escapist Harry Houdini asked Lovecraft to ghostwrite a treatise exploring the topic of superstition. So there's this Tome of Eldritch Lore which, every once in a while, unleashes an Eldritch Abomination that crunches planets like walnuts. He was the only child of Winfield Scott Lovecraft and Sarah Susan [née Phillips] Lovecraft. Whipple became a father figure to Lovecraft in this time, Lovecraft noting that his grandfather became the "centre of my entire universe." The Library of America published a volume of Lovecraft's work in 2005, a reversal of the traditional judgment that there "has been nothing so far from the accepted canon as Lovecraft. Win The Last Lovecraft. In theory, I am an agnostic, but pending the appearance of radical evidence I must be classed, practically and provisionally, as an atheist. In such stories, the curse is often a hereditary one, either because of interbreeding with non-humans (e.g., Facts Concerning the Late Arthur Jermyn and His Family (1920), The Shadow over Innsmouth (1931)) or through direct magical influence (The Case of Charles Dexter Ward). Much like his earlier school years, Lovecraft was at times removed from school for long periods for what he termed "near breakdowns." Instead, many of them are directly influenced by dreams and dreamlike phenomena. Lovecraft's Monster Is Wrapping Family Game Night Up In Tentacles", "Synchronistic Worlds: Lovecraft and Borges", "Know Your Lore, Tinfoil Hat Edition: The genesis of Azeroth", "All About Alienation: Alan Moore On Lovecraft And Providence", "HP Lovecraft: The Man Who Haunted Horror Fans", "The White Ship: The Psychedelic Voyage of H.P. [n 6][128] Mystery and Adventure columnist Will Cuppy of the New York Herald Tribune recommended to readers a volume of Lovecraft's stories, asserting that "the literature of horror and macabre fantasy belongs with mystery in its broader sense. Weird Tales may only have owned the rights to at most six of Lovecraft's tales. Author [136], Philosopher Graham Harman, seeing Lovecraft as expressing a unique—though implicit—antireductionist ontology, writes: "No other writer is so perplexed by the gap between objects and the power of language to describe them, or between objects and the qualities they possess. [118] Several of Lovecraft's stories of the Old Ones (alien beings of the Cthulhu Mythos) propose alternate mythic human origins in contrast to those found in the creation stories of existing religions, expanding on a natural world view. Thirty years later, night-gaunts would appear in Lovecraft's writing. [7], He encouraged the young Lovecraft to have an appreciation of literature, especially classical literature and English poetry. He frequently revised work for other authors and did a large amount of ghostwriting, including The Mound, Winged Death, and The Diary of Alonzo Typer. "[129], Galaxy Science Fiction reviewer Floyd C. Gale said that "Lovecraft at his best could build a mood of horror unsurpassed; at his worst, he was laughable. For example, Lovecraft renamed the town of Oakham to Arkham and expanded it to include a nearby landmark. Shub-Niggurath is first mentioned in Lovecraft's revision story "The Last Test" (1928); she is never actually described in Lovecraft's fiction, but is frequently mentioned or called upon in incantations. [citation needed], Chaosium, publishers of the Call of Cthulhu role-playing game, have a trademark on the phrase The Call of Cthulhu for use in game products. Regardless of the legal disagreements surrounding Lovecraft's works, Lovecraft himself was extremely generous with his own works and encouraged others to borrow ideas from his stories and build on them, particularly with regard to his Cthulhu Mythos. [148], Many later figures were influenced by Lovecraft's works, including author and artist Clive Barker,[155] prolific horror writer Stephen King,[148] comics writers Alan Moore, Neil Gaiman[156] and Mike Mignola,[157] English author Colin Wilson, film directors John Carpenter,[146] Stuart Gordon, Guillermo del Toro,[156] and artist H. R. [n 3] However, Lovecraft was displeased, as his book was riddled with errors. Again, even if Derleth did obtain the copyrights to Lovecraft's tales, there is no evidence that the copyrights were renewed. According to scholar S. T. Joshi: "There is never an entity in Lovecraft that is not in some fashion material. His father's anglophilia had also caused Lovecraft to have a deep affection for British culture and the British Empire.[102]. "[142] The African-American fantasy writer N. K. Jemisin considers Lovecraft's racial attitudes essential to his literary world: "his biases were the basis of his horror. ), and University of Tampa Press (O Fortunate Floridian: H. P. Lovecraft's Letters to R. H. Barlow). All of Lovecraft's works published during his lifetime became public domain in all 27 European Union countries on January 1, 2008. 1941; Lovecraft-kenner S.T. A friend of Susie, Clara Hess, recalled a visit during which Susie spoke continuously about Lovecraft being "so hideous that he hid from everyone and did not like to walk upon the streets where people could gaze on him." The exact circumstances and causes remain unknown. The publisher of Weird Tales attempted to put the loss-making magazine on a business footing and offered the job of editor to Lovecraft, who declined, citing his reluctance to relocate to Chicago; "think of the tragedy of such a move for an aged antiquarian," the 34-year-old writer declared. Neighbour and friend Clara Hess, interviewed in 1948, recalled instances of Susie describing "weird and fantastic creatures that rushed out from behind buildings and from corners at dark. Jeff is stuck in a dead end office job. Numerous historical cities and towns are mentioned, and several fictionalised versions of them make frequent appearances in his stories. Another character based on Lovecraft appears in Afterlife with Archie. Lovecraft portrays this potential for a growing gap of man's understanding of the universe as a potential for horror, most notably in "The Colour Out of Space", where the inability of science to comprehend a contaminated meteorite leads to horror. Descendants may be very far removed, both in place and in time (and, indeed, in culpability), from the act itself, and yet, they may be haunted by the revenant past, e.g. Language [14] Lovecraft went in and out of elementary school repeatedly, oftentimes with home tutors making up for those lost school years, missing time due to health concerns that are not entirely clear. August Derleth, an older and more established writer than Barlow, vied for control of the literary estate. [66][page needed] Greene, who had been married before, later said Lovecraft had performed satisfactorily as a lover, though she had to take the initiative in all aspects of the relationship. 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